University of Pitesti, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 1, Targul din Vale str., RO-110040 Pitesti, Romania
e-mail: Alexiuv@yahoo.com

Abstract: The paper contains 53 endangered species and subspecies of the Arges county, analyzed from the view point of affiliation to different categories of rare, vulnerable or endangered plant species of important IPA habitats (Red List, I.P.A. Categories, C.E. Directive no. 92/43/EEC from the 21 of may 1992, Bern Convention).

Key words: vascular flora, endemic taxa, vulnerable, endangered categories, Arges county, habitat.

Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biology " Ovidius" University 124, Mamaia str. RO-900527, Constanta, Romania
e-mail: rodicabercu@yahoo.com

Abstract: Dobrudja has numerous protected areas, some of them unique for our country. Today, in Constanta county we have 37 natural reserves and nature monuments and in Tulcea county, 34 protected areas (including the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve) and the faimous Macin Mountains National Park, being the largest and interesting protected terrestrial area (11,321 ha) of Dobrudja. In this paper is presented the origin of Dobrudja flora and fauna and their capitalisable potential. In the article, are reminded the most characteristic areas together with their characteristic aspects and environmental and biodiversity protection problems. The rare plant and animal species, typical for these places, are illustrated by photographs. Finally, some recommendations, concerning the future measures for an efficacious protection of these natural beauties, are made. These measures are necessary to be known by the local and central forums, so the specific natural zones from this places to be protected indeed.

Key words: biodiversity, Dobrudja, environment, fauna, flora, protection, preserve, reserve, species.

* Sapientia - Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Horticulture, 1C, Sighisoarei str., RO-540485 Targu-Mures, Romania
** " Babes-Bolyai " University, Department of Taxonomy and Ecology and "Alexandru Borza" Botanical Garden, 42, Republicii str., RO- 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: csergo.anna.maria@gmail.com

Abstract: We studied the chorology and the community context of the rare S. bellidifolia, based on synthetic phytosociological data and mathematical models. 78 original and 139 phytosociological relevés extracted from literature were used to calculate the constancy, fidelity and indicator value of S. bellidifolia for each plant community. Its floristic relationships were explored with Spearman correlations, Fisher’s exact test and binomial logistic regressions. A chorological map of the species within Apuseni Mts. was drawn. The target species registered the highest constancy (with significant fidelity values) only within the Festuca pallens- and Carex humilis- communities and the highest abundance within the Teucrium montanum- and Festuca pallens- communities. Its interspecific associations were very weak, whereas its occurrence was best predicted by the abundance of Festuca pallens, Teucrium montanum and Anthericum ramosum. All results were discussed in the light of community dynamics.

Key words: Saponaria bellidifolia, rare plant, constancy, fidelity, indicator value, interspecific associations, community dynamics

* University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, 15, Libert??ii str., RO-200583 Craiova, Romania
** University of Craiova, "Al. Buia" Botanical Garden, 26, Constantin Lecca str., RO-200217 Craiova, Romania
e-mail: violetaboruz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Adventive species of North-American origin, Sisyrinchium montanum was mentioned in Romania ever since 1943, in the Maramures Region. Subsequently, it was also noticed in other localities in Moldavia, Bukovina, and Transylvania.In the present study, the area of distribution for this plant is increased with a new locality between Groapa Seac? Chalet (1,260 m) and Groapa Seac? Pass (1,570 m), found to the common border of the counties of Hunedoara and Valcea, between Parang Mountains and Lotru Mountains.In the previous information on the new localities, this species had no taxonomy, ecology, and phytocoenology data. The present paper makes a thorough description of this plant, which goes through an acclimatization phase, it vegetates and reproduces in some different environment conditions. We are expecting, in a certain amount of time, this species to naturalize, to integrate in certain phytocoenoses of our country, as it happened to other several species of different origin and of various botanical families.

Key words: Sisyrinchium montanum, chorology, plant associations.

Institute of Biological Research, 48, Republicii str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: icb@cluj.astral.ro

Abstract: Based on our recent research from the Apuseni and Rodnei Mountains and on existing phytocoenotic data from the literature, we describe the following new syntaxa from the Romanian Carpathians: Gentianello lutescentis – Nardetum strictae ass. nova, Bruckenthalio-Vaccinietum ass. nova and Swertio perennis – Caricetum bicoloris ass. nova. The first two associations contain phytocoenosis from acidophile and oligotrophic grasslands, which places them in the order Nardetalia, while the third association contains subalpine, hygrophile and poorly basiphile pioneer coenosis with a clear relict character, and for this reason we place it in the order Caricetalia davallianae.

Key words: ass. nova, Violion caninae, Genistion, Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae, Romanian Carpathians.

Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca48, Republicii str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: icb@cluj.astral.ro

Abstract: In this article we present the spatial distribution of plant communities from the north-eastern slope of the Vl?deasa massif, mapped at a 1:25000 scale, the most important environmental factors involved in the determination of the structural variability of grassland, as well as the relationship between their structure and socio-economic activities. The results from the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identify the presence of water and nitrogen in the soil as the main factors involved in the determination of the pastures’ eco-coenotic variability. Nitrogen content in the soil is directly influenced by socio-economic activities, respectively by the different use of the fields (pastures or hay meadows). As a result, the phytodiversity of plant communities is influenced by their management. The highest phytodiversity is that of the Poo-Trisetetum flavescentis association, which is maintained artificially by traditional land use (periodical fertilization), depending on the quantity of hay that is needed, while the lowest phytodiversity is that of the Violo declinatae-Nardetum association, used as a pasture.

Key words: montane pastures, phytodiversity, CCA Analysis, socio-economic activities

* "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, "Anastasie Fatu” Botanical Garden,7-9, Dumbrava Rosie str., RO-700487 Iasi, Romania
** "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Faculty of Biology, 11A, B-dul Carol I str., RO-700505 Iasi, Romania
e-mail: aoprea@uaic.ro

Abstract: The waste dumps deposits are the most extended antropogenic relief forms on the Northern slope of the C?limani Mountains. Thus, there appear huge amounts of terrigenous material affected by the mining activities of a surface exploitation of sulphur and iron ores, between 1965 and 1997. Also, the soil quality has suffered great changes due to the toxic outcomes in various stages of the technological process.As a result of the same mining activities, the vegetation and particularly, some rare plant species (e.g. Larix decidua ssp. carpatica, a globally threatened taxa, Rhododendron myrtifolium, and Pinus cembra, threatened taxa from the National Red List, Oltean & contributors, 1994) have been evidently affected, as a consequence as deforestations, storing the wast dumps, as well as the slooping of toxic effluents and waters from the separation factory and so on.Our surveys followed the reconstruction of the vegetal communities from the sample plots, on natural ways. There has been established four sample plots, situated on four different sterile deposits, namely: Dumitrelul, Puturosul, Pinul, and Ilva.Thus, we have found that the first colonizing plant species are the annual ones, followed by the bi-annual and perennial ones after it. The primary vegetation type is represented by those phytocoenosis edified by the next plant species: Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa, Festuca supina and Agrostis capillaris, as dominant plant species; the other ones have a reduced frequency on our sample plots. The foresters tried to plant, ten to fifteen years ago, on those four waste dumps deposits, various lignaceous plant species. All the experimental plantations indicate that some of the indigenuous species (e.g. Picea abies, Pinus cembra, Larix decidua ssp. carpatica, Pinus mugo, and Sorbus aucuparia) could have relatively good and forecasting results during the times.The distribution of the vascular plant species on the four waste dump deposit is like the next ones: some plants has an isolated layout (e.g. Trifolium repens, Salix caprea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Hieracium alpinum, Alchemilla subcrenata, Epilobium angustifolium, Vaccinium gaultherioides). Others (e.g. Deschampsia flexuosa, Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa, Agrostis capillaris) have a clumped distribution. Very few of them are distributed in clusters (Festuca supina). This last category has the most significant function, thus being the first colonizing species in the investigated area. One can see that the best coverage with spontaneous vegetation is the waste dump Dumitrelul, and the less one is the waste dump deposit Pinului.

Key words: C?limani Mountains, waste dumps deposits, sulphur exploitation, ecological reconstruction.

"Babes-Bolyai” Universitaty, Facultaty of Biology and Geology, 42, Republicii str.,RO- 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: chillymeda@yahoo.com florincrisan1964@yahoo.com

Abstract: A first inventory of the foliose and fruticose lichens in Bocului Mountain (Cluj district) is made, a number of 30 species being identified. Were found 10 rare species (37%) (Cladonia cornuta, Parmelia caperata, P. exasperata, Parmotrema chinense, Usnea filipendula, U. florida, U. glabrescens, U. subfloridana, Physconia distorta, Ramalina fastigiata) according to the chorology of lichens in central Europe.The lichen species were characterised using the ecological indexes (light, humidity, temperature and chemical reaction of the substrate) published by Ellenberg et al. (1992) and Wirth (1995) and the geographical elements. The predominant categories are moderate photophilous (60%), xero-mesophilous (37%), micro-mesothermal (40%) and moderate acidophilous (23%). Prdominate also the boreal-mediterranean geographical elements (8 species) and the Parmelia (43%) and Caldonia (27%) type bioforms.

Key words: lichens, fruticose, foliose, lichenflora, ecological analysis, geographical elements, bioforms, Bocului Mountain, Romania

" Danube Delta" National Institute for Research and Development165, Babadag str., RO-820112 Tulcea, Romania
e-mail: liliana@indd.tim.ro

Abstract: The phytoplankton is widely considered the most direct indicator of all the Biological Quality Elements. Due to the problems associated with increases of nutrients concentration and phytoplankton abundance in the water column, the assessment of the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems associated with increasing frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms rises after the establishment of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve the interest of governmental authorities. Its consequence was the development of a long term monitoring program of water quality. The results of this program provide information on phytoplankton blooms across the reservation and trends of bloom evolution in 15 lakes.

Key words: phytoplankton bloom, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve

* " Babes-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Taxonomy and Ecology,42, Republicii str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
** "Babes-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Taxonomy and Ecology,5-7, Clinicilor str., RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: ioana_adria@yahoo.com

Abstract: The paper presents the latest data regarding the study of the genus Staurastrum Meyen (ord. Desmidiales) in Romania. In order to identify and properly describe the Romanian Staurastrum species, algal samples were collected from different locations during 2005, 2006, 2007. So far 117 taxa (species, varieties, forms) of the genus have been recorded in Romania. They are briefly characterized as concerning their cell measurements and distribution in Romania. To achieve a synthesis concerning the distribution of the genus in Romania, earlier bibliographic sources were used as well. The present taxonomic investigation is also based on previous descriptions of the taxa, available in the usual key books and recent monographs, widely used for similar purposes.

Key words: Zygnemaphyceae, desmids, Staurastrum, cell measurements, Romanian distribution

* "Babes-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Taxonomy and Ecology42, Republicii str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
** Romanian Waters Authority, Somes-Tisa Division17, Van?torului str., RO-400213 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: levi_papaver@yahoo.com; eterfileontin@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: This paper is the first one dealing with diatom communities of "Lacul Sulfuros”, Turda, based on plankton and periphyton samples collected seasonally in 2005. It is important to emphasize that this aquatic ecosystem has not yet been investigated from algological point of view; therefore the present list of diatoms is the first one for this lake. Species composition, community structure and seasonal dynamics have been studied. There have been identified 94 diatom species belonging to 7 families (Thalassiosiraceae, Fragilariaceae, Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae, Bacillariaceae, Surirellaceae, Epithemiaceae), occurring in both planktonic and periphytic communities.

Key words: diatoms, diversity, community structure, dynamics

Biological Research Institute, 48, Republicii str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania e-mail: sergiuvalimareanu@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Medicinal plants Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. and Epilobium hirsutum having a phytopharmaceutical importance, used for the treatment of urinary apparatus and prostate diseases, were alternatively cultivated ex vitro/in vitro. By RAPD method, using single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence, we attempted to detect genetic polymorphism in purpose of visualizing the putative differences between genetic profiles appeared after in vitro cultivation of the subjected species on culture media supplemented with plant growth regulators, in order to select somaclonal variations. The primers we used were able to detect polymorphisms in absence of specific nucleotide sequence information so that polymorphisms function as genetic and molecular markers.

Key words: in vitro culture, RAPD, polymorphism, Epilobium parviflorum, Epilobium hirsutum.

Biological Research Institute, 48, Republicii str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania e-mail: adela_halmagyi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of the preculture conditions on the survival of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) Endl.) shoot tips cryopreserved using a combined droplet-vitrification procedure. In vitro grown Sequoia plants were used for cryopreservation. Preculture was critical for the survival of shoot tips after cryopreservation. Among the different tested sugars and sugar alcohols (glucose, sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol), treatment with 0.5 M sucrose for 24 h was the most efficient one. One-step vitrification protocol with PVS2 for 30 minutes was efficient for shoot regeneration following cryopreservation. After rapid thawing and transfer of shoot tips on recovery medium, 67% growth recovery was observed. Plants produced from control and cryopreserved shoot tips were phenotypically similar.

Key words: cryopreservation, droplet-vitrification, Sequoia

Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, 296, Splaiul Independen?ei str., RO-060031 Bucharest, Romania
e-mail: irina.holobiuc@ibiol.ro

Abstract: The medicinal plants have a therapeutic well definite role, taking into account the toxicity associated to the indiscriminate use of synthetic drugs and antibiotics, the interest for the utilization of medicinal plants and plant based drugs being revived throughout the world. Most of them became rare owing to the intensive exploitation of the natural resources, many people of developing countries depending on the traditional medicine and obtaining incomes from plant harvesting and trade. Gentiana lutea L. is a medicinal plant, considered as vulnerable species at national and European level, for its conservation being necessary besides the natural habitats protection, the use of alternative strategies rely on the modern biotechnologies. Our aim is to perform in vitro tissues cultures for ex situ conservation in Gentiana lutea species. For the initiation of in vitro cultures, capsules with seeds were used and different explants were collected from the aseptic germinated seedlings. By testing different media variants, we were able to induce in Gentiana lutea different developmental ways as callusogenesis, morphogenesis (shooting and rooting) and direct and indirect embryogenesis with high regeneration rate. Murashige–Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP (1mg/l), NAA (0.1 mg/l) and glutamine (0.4 g/l) ensure a good multiplication through direct morphogenesis. The regenerated shoots rooted with difficulty. Embryogenic callus was induced on medium MS added with 2, 4, 5-T. The maturation and the development of embryos occurred on mannitol supplemented medium (30 g/l). The in vitro cultures have been maintained over two years and viable plants were successfully regenerated.

Key words: in vitro, Gentiana lutea, plant regeneration, conservation.

* Kafr El-Sheikh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Botany Department, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
** University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Debrecen, Hungary
e-mail: magdyelnagar77@yahoo.com

Abstract: An attempt was made to evaluate the variation between Hungarian and Egyptian isolates of Botrytis cinerea on the basis of molecular studies. Sequences from the minisatellites MSB1 and the widely used molecular marker in phylogenetic works, the translation elongation factor 1 subunit alpha (EF-1?=tef1), were identified. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted with PAUP*4.0b by parsimony analysis. Topological robustness in parsimony analysis was estimated using 1000 bootstrap replicates. Our results show that two of the three studied Egyptian isolates of B. cinerea have been proved to be similar to the Hungarian ones on the basis of both minasatellites and tef1 sequences while the remaining one was completely different. The similarity between Hungarian and Egyptian isolates might be due to phylogenic relationship or conidial dispersal between both countries.

Key words: minisatellite, translation elongation factor, Botrytis

* University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Debrecen, Hungary
** Kafr El-Sheikh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Botany Department, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
e-mail: magdyelnaggar77@yahoo.com

Abstract: A preliminary study was made to evaluate the antagonistic effeciency and mycoparasitic activity of Trichoderma reesei against Botrytis species, viz. B. cinerea, B. allii and B. fabae. The bioassay method to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma reesei was the reduction of mycelial growth of Botrytis spp. in vitro. Significant effect was observed against B. cinerea and B. fabae, however, no effect was found against B. allii. Hyphal and sclerotial parasitism of Trichoderma reesei against Botrytis spp. were also studied. Coiling of hyperparasite fungus, penetration into B. cinerea hyphae, and stunt of the latest were observed as typical signs of mycoparasitism. Coiling of B. allii and stunted hyphae of B. fabae were the only signs of hyphal parasitism observed. The sclerotia of B. cinerea were also parasitized but sclerotia of B. allii and B. fabae were not.

Key words: mycoparasitism, Trichoderma, Botrytis

* "Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, 20A, Bd-ul Carol I str., RO-700506 Iasi, Romania** "Alexandru Ioan Cuza”University, Faculty of Chemistry, 11, Bd-ul Carol I str., RO-700506 Iasi, Romania e-mail: tanase@uaic.ro

Abstract: The paper deals with the distribution of dump heavy metals in the circuit soil-macromycetes. Soil samples and macromycetes from dump plantations situated at 1600–1800 m altitude have been analyzed. The investigated dumps resulted due to the exploitation of iron and sulfur ore from C?limani National Park (Oriental Carpathian). In order to realize an ecological reconstruction in the dumps, Picea abies (L.) Karst., Pinus mugo Turra, Pinus cembra L., Larix decidua Mill. and Sorbus aucuparia L. have been planted. Metal content has been determined by atomic spectrometry, and the results have been performed using Microsoft Excel, Origin and SPSS programs. Our results evidence macromycetes flexible capacity to accumulate various categories of metals. The distribution of the heavy metals in the soil varies from one region to another and depends on the sampling depth.

Key words: contamination, heavy metals, macromycetes, dumps, atomic spectrometry

University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 3-5, Calea-M?n?stur str., RO–400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania e-mail: maxim0067@yahoo.com

Abstract: The experiments were carried out in the city of Bistri?a (Fruit Research Station), between 2002 – 2003. It was followed the evolution of fire-blight of rosaceous (Erwinia amylovora) and the red-mite (Panonychus ulmi) of the apple trees in the following variants: V1 – plantation treated against diseases and pests (10 – 12 treatments/year) and fertilisation; V2 – untreated control against parasites, but normally fertilised with chemical fertilisers; V3 – untreated and unfertilised plantation for 9 and 10 years.The studies show that the fertilisation and chemical treatments sensitize the trees regarding to animal and vegetal parasites. The chemically untreated orchards had the smallest range of attack on both kinds of parasites: - the red –mites appeared only sporadical phases on the leaves, and the frequency of the affected shoots by E. amylovora was null.The result is that the minor attack of the parasites affecting the chemically untreated trees with pesticides and fertilizers is not only due to the useful entomofauna and hyperparasites, as of the growth of the natural resistance against these attacks and pests.Because of this, in behalf of the production losses on the plantations, and for the obtainance of healthy fruits, there are necessary both protection of the flora and useful fauna, and balanced fertilization.

Key words: apple trees, orchard, agroecosystem, fire-blight of rosaceous, red-mite, attack, phytosanitary treatment, fertilizer, useful fauna, hyperparasite.

University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, HU-Debrecen
e-mail: kovics@agr.unideb.hu

Abstract: In this study are reviewed the general consequences are review in this study of the influences of glasshouse-effect elements on the plant pathogenic microbes and the presumably responses of plant resistance to abiotic stress. The climate change includes the increasing weather extremities that are growing the changeability and frequency of extraordinary meteorological events. The increased CO2 concentration and the global climate change can contribute to the accelerated plant onthogeny, the severity of disease symptoms and caused damages. On the other hand, changes will have effects on flora elements and change pathogenic features of pathogens as well. Arising temperature might initiate the moving away of climates zones including agricultural production toward poles. Not only the vegetation but the pests also will follow these movements. The effects of the above-mentioned two main factors are fare-reaching, partly might be stimulative, in other cases obstructive. For this reason the scientific forecasting of the resultant forces are rather complicated. Furthermore the displacement of regions of agricultural and natural niche might elicit the changes of plant production species relate to their pathogens. These global changes can contribute to the occurrence of new diseases, insects, and weeds which might change the former natural plant societies in conflict with more aggressive species and/or varieties.

Key words: climate change, biodiversity, diseases, pests, Puccinia xanthii

* "Babes-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry,11, Arany J. str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
** " Babes-Bolyai " University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, 42, Republicii str., RO-400015 Cluj- Napoca, Romania
e-mail: lkekedy@chem.ubbcluj.ro , bartok_katalin@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the bioaccumulation of some elements in plants in order to use them as bioindicators by passive monitoring. It was quantified the Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cd, Pb and Cu content by flame atomic spectrometry of some lichen samples (Xanthoria parietina), walnut (Juglans regia), plum (Prunus domestica) and canadian poplar (Populus x canadensis) collected in the S?rm?sag village area (S?laj county). The leaves were collected during July and September, the lichen samples only in September 2005. At the same time and in same area, soil samples have been collected from 0 – 10 cm depth. The chemometric processing of the data reveals that the lichen, tree leave and soil samples differ significantly concerning their chemical composition. The discriminant capacity of the metals, on which the classification is based, varies in order Li>Zn>Cu>Mg>Na. The Mg content of leaves is in inverse proportion with that of in the soil. At the same time, the results show similar chemical composition of plum and canadian poplar tree leaves. The tree leaves accumulate selectively the heavy metals in order Zn > Fe = Cu. The Pb and Cd concentration in most of the cases were under the detection limits, fact that suggests the absence of heavy metal pollution in the studied area.

Key words: lichen, tree leaves, bioaccumulation of metals, classification, cluster analysis

* . " Vasile Goldis" Western University, 94-96, Bd. Revolutiei str., RO-310025 Arad, Romania ** Botanical Garden, RO-317210 Macea, Romania
e-mail: don_ioan@yahoo.com

Abstract: Situated in the Macea village, Arad County, the Western University "Vasile Goldis" Botanical Garden is located in plain area, with a surface of 21.5 ha. Here can be found 2100 woody taxa which are spontaneous or cultivated.The authors analyse the Acer collection, presenting its situation in three different moments, the year 1968 (the year when the Dendrological Park was declared, later transformed in Botanical Garden), the year 1987 (when the first Macea dendro-taxa index was published), and the year 2008, respectively. The collection was represented by 7 taxa in 1968, 56 taxa in 1987 and presently comprises 79 taxa. The 79 taxa belong to 45 species, 27 subspecies, 2 varieties, 2 forms and 14 cultivars. The origin, the year of introduction, the provenience and the number of specimens are mentioned.Among the rarities cultivated in the Macea Botanical Garden we mention: Acer carpinifolium Siebold & Zucc., A. elegantulum Fang. & P. L. Chiu, A. pectinatum Wall. ex G. Nicholson subsp. laxiflorum (Pax) A. E. Murray, A. saccharum Marsh. subsp. leucoderme (Small) Desmarais, A. paxii Franch., A. pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Kom., A. x zoeschense Pax.For the ornamental value we could remark: Acer palmatum Thunb. ex A. E. Murray ‘Atropurpureum’, A. japonicum Thunb. ex A. E. Murray, A. pseudoplatanus L. ’Leopoldii’, A. griseum (Franch.) Pax, A. davidii Franch. subsp. davidii, etc. Through the permanent exchange of biological material the wooden plant collections are enriched year after year.

Key words: Acer, collection, botanical garden, Macea-Arad-Romania.

* " Babes-Bolyai" University, Department of Taxonomy and Ecology,42, Republicii str., RO- 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
** " Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 13, Emil Isac str., RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*** "Babes- Bolyai" University, The Department of English Language and Literature, 31, Horea str., RO-400202 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract: The paper is an analysis of data extent in the Romanian and foreign literatures, found in the networks of the main churches of Romania: Orthodox (1906 and 1993) and the Greek-Catholic Church (1777) and it is an attempt to determine the species or kinds of plant as the source for every ingredient of the Great and Holy Chrism. Whether for the most ingredients the taxonomy was correctly determined by the Romanian literature, we believe that there are mistakes or contradictions connected with seven names found in the recipe with seven of these sources: lignum balsami, spina alba, myrobalanus indicus, piper longum, fructus balsami, cypericum radix, lignum aloes, and that supplementary information is requested with four others and that, the 1906 receipt of the Holy Synod permitted another alternative.Having taken into account the practices of the last decade, attention is being paid to the use of essential oils in the trade of the holy oil and in the replacement of musk with seeds of Abelmoschus moschatus, instead of the stipulated drug, given the violence procedure of the animal origin substance out-taking.

Key words: Great Chrism, essential oils, Christian rituals, Eastern European churches